Planning a road trip to Arusha or Dodoma? Here’s what you need to know:
- Road Conditions: Tanzania’s roads range from smooth highways to unpaved, pothole-filled paths. Travel times are often underestimated by apps – add 30% for accuracy. Avoid driving at night due to poor visibility and safety risks.
- Vehicle Prep: Inspect tires (pressure, tread depth, age), fluids (oil, coolant, brake fluid), and your battery. Test brakes and lights. Pack an emergency kit with essentials like a spare tire, jumper cables, and first aid supplies.
- Legal Documents: Carry your passport, visa, driver’s license, and an International Driving Permit. Vehicles need valid third-party insurance.
- Seasonal Challenges: Rainy seasons (March-May, October-December) make dirt roads impassable. Stick to main highways and use a 4×4 for rough terrain.
- Safety Tips: Drive on the left, follow speed limits (50 mph on highways, 31 mph in towns), and avoid distractions. Save key emergency numbers.
- Packing Essentials: Bring bottled water, non-perishable snacks, weather-appropriate clothing, and a well-stocked first aid kit.
Prepare thoroughly to make your journey smoother and safer.
How to plan a Self Drive Safari in Tanzania
Vehicle Inspection Checklist
Taking the time to thoroughly inspect your vehicle can save you from unexpected roadside troubles. As highlighted in our travel prep guide, a well-maintained vehicle is essential for navigating Tanzania’s roads. With many secondary roads being unpaved and mechanical assistance potentially hours away, identifying and addressing issues before you set off is a must. Start with your tires – they’re especially critical for handling Tanzania’s diverse terrain.
Tires and Pressure Check
Tires play a vital role when driving on Tanzania’s mix of paved and unpaved roads. Begin by checking the tire pressure when the tires are cold – before driving even a mile. Use the pressure specifications provided on the driver’s side doorjamb, not the numbers printed on the tire sidewall.
"It may seem like a chore to check pressures that often… It takes just seconds per tire, and the benefits are huge in terms of safety and tire longevity." – Gordon Gingras, Tire Technician at Consumer Reports
To check tread depth, use the penny test: insert a penny into the tire groove with Lincoln’s head facing down. If you can see the top of Lincoln’s head, it’s time to replace the tire. Remember, the legal minimum tread depth is 2/32 inches.
Inspect the sidewalls of your tires for any signs of damage, such as cuts, cracks, bulges, or punctures. Cracks in the sidewall signal that immediate replacement is necessary. Additionally, check the tire’s age by locating the DOT code on the sidewall – replace any tire older than 10 years, even if it appears to be in good condition.
Don’t forget to inspect your spare tire. Make sure it’s properly inflated and in good condition so it’s ready to use if needed.
Fluids and Battery Check
Before checking any fluids, allow your engine to cool for at least 30 minutes. Your owner’s manual will guide you to the correct locations of each reservoir and specify the right fluid types for your vehicle.
Engine Oil:
Park on level ground and use the dipstick to check your engine oil. Wipe the dipstick clean, reinsert it fully, and then check the level. The oil should be close to the maximum mark. If it’s low, add oil slowly using a funnel. Fresh oil should have an amber color and feel slick – if it’s gritty or milky, it may indicate engine trouble.
Coolant:
Check the coolant level during each oil change. Ensure the engine is completely cool before inspecting the coolant reservoir for minimum and maximum markings. If the level is low, top it off with the coolant type recommended in your owner’s manual. For a more thorough check, you can look inside the radiator – but only when the engine is cold.
Brake Fluid:
Locate the brake fluid reservoir, which is usually near the base of the windshield under the hood. The fluid level should be between the minimum and maximum marks. If the fluid looks dark or cloudy, replace it with the type specified by your vehicle’s manufacturer.
Windshield Washer Fluid:
Find the reservoir marked with a windshield symbol and fill it completely. Tanzania’s dusty conditions may require more frequent refills, so keep an eye on this.
If any fluid levels drop repeatedly, it could indicate a leak that needs professional attention.
Brakes, Lights, and Emergency Kit
Before hitting the road, test your brakes by pressing the pedal. It should feel firm and not sink to the floor. Grinding, squealing, or vibrations when braking are clear signs that your vehicle needs professional servicing.
Check all exterior lights, including headlights, taillights, brake lights, turn signals, and hazard lights. Replace any burned-out bulbs to ensure maximum visibility and safety.
An emergency kit is essential for traveling in remote areas. Authorities may also inspect your vehicle to ensure it has the required safety equipment, such as a fire extinguisher, reflective triangles, and a first aid kit. Pack these items to be prepared:
- Power and starting aids: jumper cables, portable jump starter, car phone charger
- Tools and repair: multi-tool, tire repair kit, jack, lug wrench, work gloves, duct tape, tow rope
- Safety and visibility: flashlight with extra batteries, emergency flares or LED road flares, blanket
- Supplies: non-perishable snacks, water, emergency cash, extra windshield washer fluid, emergency contact list
Regularly inspect your emergency kit. Replace expired items, ensure batteries are functional, and test your tools ahead of time to avoid unnecessary frustration during an emergency.
Route Planning and Navigation
Planning your route carefully can mean the difference between a hassle-free trip and a challenging journey on Tanzania’s roads. Stick to main highways for smoother travel and avoid secondary roads, like C and D roads. These unpaved routes might look like shortcuts, but they often lead to longer travel times and can put unnecessary strain on your vehicle.
Route Selection and Road Conditions
Driving in Tanzania demands constant attention. Many roads lack proper markings, streetlights, and shoulders. Even well-maintained roads can deteriorate quickly, especially during bad weather.
Seasonal changes play a big role in road conditions. During the rainy seasons – late March to mid-June and mid-November to mid-December – many routes become challenging, if not impossible, without a four-wheel-drive vehicle. If you’re traveling during these months, allow extra time and ensure your vehicle can handle muddy and waterlogged terrain.
It’s best to plan your driving so you finish before nightfall. Nighttime driving is risky due to poor visibility and the frequent use of high beams by oncoming vehicles, which can make it harder to see the road.
Navigation Tools and Rest Stops
Once you’ve chosen your route, make sure to have reliable navigation tools and schedule regular stops for fuel and rest. Popular navigation apps like Google Maps and Maps.me often underestimate travel times by about 30% due to local conditions. Adjust your expectations accordingly, as travel speeds rarely exceed 31 mph (50 km/h) because of speed bumps, village crossings, and frequent stops.
Getting a local SIM card with internet access is a smart move when you arrive. It ensures you stay connected for navigation and emergencies throughout your trip.
When it comes to fuel stops, fill up whenever you get the chance, especially before heading into less populated areas. Major fuel station brands like TotalEnergies, Puma, and Oryx are available in key towns like Chalinze, Morogoro, Mikumi, and Moshi. Morogoro, in particular, is a great place to stop for both lunch and refueling. Carry cash for fuel and meals, as some remote stations and restaurants might not accept electronic payments.
If you’re driving a Land Cruiser or a similar vehicle, keep in mind that these are classified as trucks in Tanzania. This means the speed limit is capped at 50 mph (80 km/h) on highways and drops to 25 mph (40 km/h) in towns. Combined with road conditions, these restrictions often result in longer travel times than expected.
For real-time route updates, reach out to local travel services via WhatsApp.
Legal Requirements and Safety
Just like your car needs regular check-ups, ensuring you have the right documents and follow local traffic laws is just as important. Staying prepared helps you avoid unnecessary complications.
Required Documents and Traffic Laws
Before hitting the road, make sure you have an International Driving Permit (IDP) along with your original driver’s license from your home country. Keep in mind, you need to get your IDP before you travel – Tanzania doesn’t issue them. If your license isn’t in English or French, you’ll need an official translation. The minimum driving age is 18.
While driving, always carry your passport, vehicle registration, and insurance documents. Vehicles must have valid third-party insurance. Planning to stay longer than six months? You’ll need to apply for a Tanzanian driving license. For vehicles not registered in Tanzania, there’s a temporary road license available for $20 per month after a seven-day grace period.
Speed limits are 31 mph (50 km/h) in towns and 50 mph (80 km/h) on highways outside urban areas. Seatbelts are mandatory, and the legal blood alcohol limit is 0.08% for everyone, including tourists. Traffic fines are paid via mobile phones. Also, remember: in Tanzania, driving is on the left side of the road.
Once you’ve got the legalities sorted, don’t forget to prepare for emergencies and prioritize safety.
Emergency Contacts and Safety Tips
Save these emergency numbers in your phone and keep a written copy handy:
| Emergency Service | Phone Number |
|---|---|
| General Emergency | 112 |
| Police | 999, +255 22 211 7361 |
| Fire Brigade | 112, 114 |
| Ambulance | 112, 115 (major cities) |
| Tourist Police Arusha | +255 27 254 6046 |
| Tanzania Red Cross | 0754 600 600 |
| Wildlife Conservation | 0785 044 212 |
For better connectivity, consider buying a local SIM card from Vodacom, Airtel, or Tigo.
Driving at night comes with added risks. Poor visibility and frequent high-beam use by other drivers can make it dangerous. It’s best to plan your trips so you’re off the road before dark. Tanzania has a traffic fatality rate of 32.9 per 100,000 people, so defensive driving is a must.
When parking, make sure your vehicle is in a secure spot and avoid leaving valuables in plain sight. Always carry essentials like cash, water, and a fully charged phone for emergencies. Sharing your travel plans with family or friends is also a smart move – they’ll know your route and expected timing.
Be especially cautious of pedestrians and cyclists, particularly in the evenings when visibility is lower. Tragically, road traffic injuries are the leading cause of death for children aged 5–14 and young adults aged 15–29 in Tanzania. This highlights how crucial it is to stay alert and drive carefully in busy areas.
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Tanzanian Road Conditions Preparation
When planning a road trip in Tanzania, knowing what to expect from the roads is just as important as preparing your vehicle and choosing your route. The country’s varied terrain and weather patterns can pose challenges, so being ready for these conditions is key to a smooth journey.
Weather and Seasonal Driving
Tanzania’s weather plays a significant role in shaping road conditions. The rainy seasons, which occur from March to May and October to December, bring heavy downpours that reduce visibility and make roads slippery. On the flip side, the dry season comes with high temperatures that can lead to driver fatigue and even increase the risk of tire blowouts.
If you’re traveling during the rainy months, steer clear of dirt roads whenever possible – they can quickly become impassable. Beyond the weather, rural roads introduce their own set of challenges that demand extra vigilance.
Wildlife, Livestock, and Local Customs
Rural roads in Tanzania are often dotted with unique obstacles, from potholes to wildlife crossings and livestock wandering onto the road. Overloaded vehicles are another common sight. These issues are especially noticeable on secondary C and D roads, which are typically unpaved and riddled with potholes and eroded surfaces.
Driving at night adds another layer of risk due to poor lighting and these unpredictable hazards. In wildlife zones, it’s crucial to slow down – speed limits in parks are generally set at 22 mph (35 km/h).
While highways in Northern Tanzania that connect major cities are generally paved, you’ll still encounter plenty of speed bumps and the occasional pothole. A seasoned traveler from Roadtrip Africa offers this advice:
Avoid shortcuts on secondary roads in Tanzania – they are often in bad shape. If you’re unsure about your route during your self-drive, don’t experiment. – Roadtrip Africa
For off-the-beaten-path adventures, a 4×4 vehicle is highly recommended. If you need advice on the safest and most reliable routes, you can always reach out to the Roadtrip Africa team in Arusha via WhatsApp – they’re a great resource for route planning.
Packing and Comfort Items
Packing smartly can make your journey smoother and more enjoyable. It’s essential to prepare for varying weather conditions and extended travel times.
Food, Water, and Clothing
Stick to bottled water for drinking – tap water in Tanzania is not safe for consumption. Plan to bring enough bottled water to meet your hydration needs, roughly 0.5–1 gallon (2–4 liters) per person per day.
Bring non-perishable snacks to keep your energy up during long drives. Items like biscuits or other heat-resistant snacks are good choices. If you’re passing through Mto wa Mbu, you’ll find fresh fruits like bananas, apples, and oranges from local vendors, which can be a refreshing addition to your supplies.
Pack clothes suitable for hot days and cooler nights. Lightweight, breathable fabrics are great for daytime heat, while layers will help you stay comfortable when temperatures drop. Neutral-colored clothing – such as khakis, greens, and browns – is ideal for blending into the safari environment. Long-sleeved shirts and trousers not only protect against insects but also offer sun coverage. A lightweight scarf or shawl can serve as sun protection and provide modest coverage when needed. Don’t forget a thin waterproof jacket and a thick hoodie to handle unexpected weather changes.
Comfortable footwear is a must. Pack sturdy closed-toe shoes for hiking and comfortable walking shoes for less rugged terrain. Sun protection is also critical – bring a wide-brimmed hat, sunglasses, and high SPF sunscreen.
Once you’ve sorted your clothing and hydration, it’s time to focus on health essentials and staying connected.
Money, Medicine, and Electronics
Tailor your first aid kit to your specific needs and itinerary. Include medications like pain relievers, anti-nausea pills, allergy treatments, cold and cough remedies, and diarrhea medication. Keep all medications in their original packaging, and carry copies of your prescriptions with generic drug names for easier access if needed.
Stock your kit with basic first aid supplies: bandages, gauze, antiseptic wipes, tape, and antibiotic ointment. Additional items like a thermometer, tweezers, scissors, disposable gloves, and a small flashlight can be incredibly useful. Double-check expiration dates before packing, and use childproof caps to keep medications secure.
Prepare your electronics for Tanzania’s power setup. Bring device chargers, power adapters compatible with Tanzanian outlets, and a portable power bank for areas with limited electricity. If you plan to use your phone as a hotspot, make sure you have enough data, as this can quickly drain your battery.
If you have a chronic health condition, consider wearing a medical alert bracelet for emergencies. And before you travel, consult your doctor, especially if you have pre-existing conditions.
Conclusion
Being well-prepared is the cornerstone of a safe and enjoyable road trip to Arusha or Dodoma. From ensuring your tires are properly inflated and your fluids are topped off to packing essential medications and brushing up on local traffic laws, every step contributes to a smoother journey on Tanzanian roads.
The numbers speak for themselves: in 2019, road traffic crashes ranked as the ninth leading cause of death in Africa, with human factors responsible for about 76.4% of road accidents in Tanzania. These statistics highlight the importance of defensive driving and keeping your vehicle in top shape.
Before you hit the road, double-check your brakes, lights, and emergency kit. If you’re navigating Tanzania’s rugged terrain, a reliable 4×4 vehicle can make all the difference.
Stay on the right side of the law by carrying copies of your passport and visa, and be mindful of local customs. For instance, taking photos of public buildings or uniformed personnel without permission is prohibited.
Comfort matters, too. Pack items that will make the long drives more manageable, especially in remote areas where amenities might be scarce. And remember, defensive driving is crucial – avoid driving at night whenever possible.
With nearly 1.5 million visitors exploring Tanzania in 2022 – a 64% jump from the previous year – a little planning goes a long way. By preparing thoroughly, you can safely enjoy the stunning landscapes and vibrant culture that make Tanzania one of Africa’s most unforgettable destinations.
FAQs
What should I pack in an emergency kit for a road trip to Arusha or Dodoma?
When getting ready for a road trip to Arusha or Dodoma, having a well-prepared emergency kit can make all the difference in handling any surprises along the way. Be sure to pack essential first-aid items such as adhesive bandages, antiseptic wipes, pain relievers, antibiotic ointment, and tweezers. It’s also wise to include hydrogen peroxide, cold packs, insect repellent, sunscreen, and a flashlight with extra batteries.
For vehicle and communication needs, bring along a multi-tool, jumper cables, and a portable phone charger. These practical tools can help you tackle minor car troubles or keep your devices powered, giving you peace of mind as you journey through the Tanzanian roads.
What should I check to make sure my car is ready for a road trip in Tanzania?
Before setting off, make sure your vehicle is ready to tackle Tanzania’s road conditions. Begin by checking the tire tread and pressure, brakes, and all fluid levels – this includes oil, coolant, brake fluid, and windshield washer fluid. Also, verify that all lights, such as headlights and brake lights, are functioning correctly.
Don’t forget to pack an emergency kit with must-haves like a first-aid kit, flashlight, jumper cables, and a set of basic tools. For added peace of mind, consider taking your vehicle to a certified inspection center to confirm it meets local safety requirements. These precautions can make your journey safer and more enjoyable.
What do I need to legally drive in Tanzania as a visitor?
To drive legally in Tanzania as a foreign visitor, you’ll need an International Driving Permit (IDP) or a valid Tanzanian driver’s license. If your visit is under six months, your home country’s driver’s license is acceptable, provided it’s validated by local authorities. That said, having an IDP is strongly advised, especially since many car rental companies require it. For stays exceeding six months, you’ll need to obtain a Tanzanian driver’s license.
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